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SCIENCE CORNER | Coding initiative to train 10K learners without computers

CODING skills development initiative Coding 4 Youth has set a target to train 10 000 young people in coding, in February and March, through the Unplugged Coding project.

Coding 4 Youth is a Leva Foundation project run in partnership with the Nelson Mandela University. The aim of the project is to reach 10 000 local learners by the end of March, using three coding apps: Rangers, Boats and Tanks.

Each month, the Leva Foundation, a social upliftment organisation, partners with a registered non-profit organisation to focus on specific initiatives, enabling it to serve communities in all stages of life.

The organisation empowers teachers in disadvantaged communities with various “Unplugged Coding” tools to teach learners coding skills, without the use of computers. The coding games available in Tanks, Rangers and Boats apps have already been used to reach thousands of learners directly, while hundreds of schools have received the coding kits, according to Leva Foundation.

The approach is to use physical activities such as games, and pen-and-paper exercises to introduce learners to coding, instead of computers.

The initiative offers coding kits which interact with the Boats (Grade R to 3) and Tanks (Grade 4 and higher) coding apps, to impart skills to the young learners using tangible tokens and image recognition.

Tanks has 35 levels, whereby players need to get the tank to the destination in each level. The tank can only be moved when the player uses the physical puzzle pieces they are given to build the code. Once the code has been pieced together, learners use the smartphone’s camera to upload a picture and move the tank.

Going offline and teaching coding through hands-on games and learning activities is gaining momentum, with industry insiders saying unplugged coding can be just as effective as online learning, when the right approach is taken.

Professor Jean Greyling, HOD of the Department of Computing Sciences at Nelson Mandela University, describes the Unplugged Coding project as a “low-tech solution” for the skills needed in a “high-tech” digital economy.

“The 10 000 target will be reached as a team effort, with teachers, NGO workers and ‘coding evangelists’ presenting workshops which are held at schools, in libraries or in communities where NGOs operate. This is truly a solution from Africa for Africa,” explains Greyling.

“Our project makes use of customised tokens (puzzle pieces), image recognition and standard smartphones to introduce learners to coding concepts. We also develop offline lessons which interact with our apps to introduce not only coding and algorithms, but also digital design, computational thinking and digital citizenship to the lessons.”

The initiative is sponsored by AWS in Communities, a corporate social responsibility initiative by Amazon to help thousands of students worldwide gain access to science, technology, engineering, the arts and mathematics education opportunities in fun and imaginative ways.

The Rangers and Boats apps were developed by Byron Batteson, a computing sciences honours student at Nelson Mandela University, in 2017.

The project is now endorsed by the university as an important engagement project, winning various local, national and global accolades, including a plenary invite to Unesco’s Mobile Learning Week in Paris. Last year, it was a top winner in the Falling Walls awards, organised from Berlin, Germany.

The Unplugged Coding seeks to reach learners beyond the borders of SA, with other African countries being reached through partnerships in Botswana, Tanzania, Kenya, Uganda, Nigeria, Ghana and Burkina Faso.

It will culminate in various physical and virtual coding tournaments towards the end of March.

“For me what makes the Rangers and Boats apps so exciting is that it is not only genuinely fun and easy to learn, but that it bypasses the need for expensive technology in Africa,” says Ryan le Roux, CEO of Leva Foundation.

“The project happens within the context of the fourth industrial revolution and the desperate shortage of software developers in most of the world. The sharp move to more online activities because of COVID 19 has resulted in an even higher need for programmers and the learning experience is accessible and attractive to both learners and educators.”

-ITWeb

SPORTS CORNER | Nine West African Sports Stars Taking a Stand for Equality, Ending Poverty, and More

FOR many children across Africa, playing sports on the big stage is a childhood dream — scoring the winning goal in a major tournament; throwing that last-minute 3-pointer to clinch the victory at the NBA playoff finals; testing their skills alongside the finest players in the world and rubbing shoulders with other sport icons.

For some, sport is the hope of an exit plan from the communities in which they grew up.

Sports also have a unique power to unite divided groups of people. Just one powerful and symbolic example came in South Africa in the early 90s, amid great tension over the appointment of Nelson Mandela as the country’s first Black president.

Yet, after the South African National Rugby team clinched the World Cup at home in 1995, the crowd filled mostly with white South Africans quickly forgot their animosity. Both white and Black South Africans started chanting with excitement “Nelson! Nelson! Nelson!” across Johannesburg’s Ellis Park Stadium. This moment in time will always be remembered as one of, as the New York Times puts it, the “ultimate examples of sport’s power to heal”.

Sports also help to promote human development. And according to Makhtar Diop, the current International Finance Corporation’s Managing Director and Executive Vice President, “reviving school sports in elementary schools — particularly in the most impoverished areas where children do not have access to sports infrastructure or physical education programs — is an investment for life.”

Many sport stars, on finding success, are returning to their roots and contributing to the economic growth and development of the communities they came from, via poverty alleviation schemes, supporting charitable causes, or investing in facilities to encourage more children to participate in sports. Like Nelson Mandela once said, “Sport has the power to change the world…Sport can create hope where once there was only despair.”

We’ve put together a (non-exhaustive) list of some of West Africa’s biggest sport stars, who are using their platforms to help make a positive impact, transform lives, and uplift their communities.

1. Didier Drogba

Drogba’s name continues to echo in the minds of global football fans three years after the former captain and all-time highest goal scorer for Côte d’Ivoire retired from playing football.

Aside from his prowess on the football pitch, Drogba is also known for his philanthropic work in his home country.

In 2005, during the country’s civil unrest and just moments after Côte d’Ivoire qualified for the 2006 World Cup, Drogba leveraged his global reputation and used his voice to call on his country to end the conflict.

“From the north, south, centre, and west, we proved today that all Ivorians can coexist and play together with a shared aim — to qualify for the World Cup,” Drogba said, in a speech in front of a TV crew gathered with the players in the dressing room of the stadium. “We promised you that the celebrations would unite the people — today we beg you on our knees.”

“The one country in Africa with so many riches must not descend into war,” he continued. “Please lay down your weapons and hold elections.”

Described by the BBC as “one of football’s most extraordinary tales”, change did follow in the weeks and months following Drogba’s speech — which continued to be played on TV sets across the country — and a ceasefire was signed.

Since then, Drogba’s humanitarian activities through the Didier Drogba Foundation, have earned him a quite stunning list of awards and recognitions — including an honorary degree from a university in his home town, Abidjan. 

He was appointed as a Goodwill Ambassador for the United Nations Development Programme in 2007; in 2020, received the UEFA President’s Award, which recognises both professional excellence and exemplary personal qualities; and in October 2021, he became a Goodwill Ambassador for Sports and Health with the World Health Organisation (WHO). Meanwhile in 2009, he also donated £3 million from an endorsement with Pepsi to build a hospital in Abidjan. A champion in every sense of the word.

2. Sadio Mané

Mané, the player of the tournament of the just concluded Africa Cup of Nations (AFCON), is one player who doesn’t shy away from giving back to his hometown. In June 2021, the one-time African Footballer of the Year donated almost $700,000 to help fund the construction of a hospital in his home of Bambali in Senegal. The hospital will reportedly become the first in the village, which is about 400 kilometers outside Senegal’s capital city Dakar.

He’d previously, in 2019, also donated close to $350,000 to build a new secondary school in Bambali, and in 2018, gifted 300 Liverpool shirts to locals there to wear during the UEFA Champions League final. Amid the COVID-19 outbreak, Mané also donated £41,000 to health authorities in Senegal. Without a doubt, despite his success, Mané hasn’t forgotten his roots and the community that raised him.

3. Antonio Rüdiger

The German-born Sierra Leonean, Antonio Rüdiger, is a one-time winner of Europe’s most prestigious soccer accolade — the UEFA Champions League (UCL) — with Chelsea football club. Just last month, the Chelsea FC centre-back launched his charitable foundation for education in his home country of Sierra Leone.

Rüdiger pledged $40,000 to the foundation, as well as auctioning off his signed Chelsea shirt, to help improve the life and access to quality education of the people in his local community. According to him: “This foundation means a lot to me, but I don’t want it to be a one-man show, I want everyone to admire it, especially the younger generation.” He is a player much loved back home in Sierra Leone.

4. Masai Ujiri

Ujiri is a Nigerian professional basketball executive, former player, and the current vice-chairman and president of Canada-based Toronto Raptors Basketball Club.

Back in 2003 and inspired by the impact basketball has had in his own life, Ujiri co-founded the nonprofit Giants of Africa, aiming to use basketball as a way to encourage young children across Africa to dream big. In September 2021, Ujiri and the foundation announced a commitment to build 100 basketball courts across Africa over the next 10 years, including in Nigeria, Kenya, Tanzania, Côte d’Ivoire, and Burkina Faso.

“Sports are one of the best ways that we can help our young people achieve their goals and I look forward to hearing the stories of the thousands of young people who will be able to utlise these courts to help make their communities stronger over the next 10 years and beyond,” Ujiri said.

5 & 6. The Ogwumike Sisters

Next on the list are the Nigerian-American Ogwumike sisters, Nneka and Chiney. Both sisters currently play as forwards for the Los Angeles Sparks professional basketball team, while Nneka also currently serves as president of the Women’s National Basketball Association (WNBA) players’ union.

In 2014, just a few weeks after the abduction of the Chibok schoolgirls — which sparked the #BringBackOurGirls movement — the Ogwumike sisters challenged girls’ basketball teams to intensify their support for the work UNICEF is doing in Nigeria to protect and promote the rights of women and girls.

The Ogwumike sisters partnered with the U.S. Fund for UNICEF’s Girls’ Education Project, with the aim of helping millions of girls better access quality education — with a focus on Northern Nigeria — through getting more children in school, developing scholarships for female teachers, and creating safe spaces for girls.

In a 2019 charity visit to Queens College, in Lagos, Chiney Ogwumike said that “there is more to basketball than having the regular skills set,” further emphasising the need for young children to be focused on their dreams, in a society where it can be hard to do so.

And in 2020, Nneka Ogwumike led WNBA players in advocating for reduced gender pay gaps in the sport. The 8-year collective bargaining agreement for WNBA players will increase the salary cap for women in the sport, as well as creating a variety of career and quality of life benefits for WNBA players — including childcare stipends and full salary during maternity leave.

7. Kamaru Usman

Kamarudeen “Kamaru” Usman is a Nigerian-American professional mixed martial artist and the current UFC Welterweight Champion. In June 2021, during a visit to his home country Nigeria, the UFC champ decided to collaborate with the Lagos Food Bank Initiative to donate and personally share food items to about 1,000 underserved kids in Lagos.

“Being born in a place like Nigeria helped mould me into the man I am today,” he reportedly said at the event.

With it’s 12,000-strong volunteer network, the Lagos Food Bank Initiative, the first indigenous food bank in Nigeria, has been able to reach 1.6 million people in more than 130 communities in Nigeria. You can read more about their work here.

8. Wilfried Zaha

Dazet Wilfried Armel Zaha is a professional footballer for Premier League club Crystal Palace and the Côte d’Ivoire’s national team. The English-Ivorian national uses his Zaha Foundation, spearheaded by him and his family, to help rebuild inner-city areas so young people can better engage in social activities in a secure, accessible environment. 

According to the foundation, this is a “passion” of Zaha’s, “who himself grew up silently developing his craft with his friends on the streets and in park areas.” Zaha has also spoken about how he was left homeless at the age of six while growing up in London, where he moved at age four with his family.

Through his foundation, Zaha also funds an orphanage run by his sister back home and donates 10% of his earnings to these good causes.

9. Anthony Joshua

Anthony Oluwafemi Olaseni Joshua OBE, 32, is a British-Nigerian professional boxer. The 2012 London Olympics gold medallist and two-time former unified World Heavyweight Champion is a strong believer in giving back. On multiple occasions, he’s worked to support the Forever Hope Foundation, a nonprofit that partners with children’s charities and organisations on fundraising.

In 2017, for example, Joshua and the Forever Hope Foundation raised £10,000 to support Great Ormond Street Children’s Hospital in the UK. Alongside this, as highlighted by the foundation, he’s also worked to help raise money for anti-gang crime charities, donated money to help support the rehabilitation of offenders, and donated numerous items for charity auctions — such as a pair of signed boxing gloves.

-Global Citizen

UCT students with outstanding fees can now register

STAFF REPORTER |

THE University of Cape Town (UCT) has announced on Tuesday that students with outstanding debt can register for the 2022 academic year.

This is after the university’s council decided to lift the fee blocks for all students who are eligible to re-register on academic grounds.

“Following the UCT Council meeting on Monday,21 February, Council called on the leadership of UCT to put in place a working group, to coordinate and facilitate the process of registering students who are able to continue their studies due to Council’s decision to lift fee blocks,” said the UCT council chairperson Babalwa Ngonyama.

Earlier this month, the Minister of Higher Education, Science, and Technology, Dr Blade Nzimande reported that R16.5 billion was owed by students to public universities in South Africa.

The cumulative fee debt at the UCT currently stands at R317.8 million.

“At the same time, we provide financial support every year to about 50% of our undergraduate students and about 35% of our postgraduate students. For the 2021 academic year, this financial support amounted to approximately R1.7 billion,” said Ngonyama.

Ngonyama said that some student’s council agreed to suspend the block on students re-registering for the 2021 academic year.
She further added that the suspension was for one year only and, for the 2022 academic year, students with fee arrears of more than R10 000 have so far not been permitted to register, subject to appeal.

“We also know that there are students with fee debt higher than R10 000 who have the potential to complete their courses of study. The special meeting of Council was called to consider the plight of these students,” she said.

The outcomes of Council’s deliberations resulted in the following decision:

1. The current fee block on student registrations should be removed for the 2022 academic year for all students who are eligible to re-register on academic grounds. This concession will apply to students who are South African citizens, South African Permanent Residents, from SADC countries and from other countries in Africa. It will not apply to students registered for courses at the Graduate School of Business (GSB), or who are international students from continents other than Africa. 
2. The university executive will review current financial aid and fees policies, to develop proposals for reform that will align with Vision 2030 with the objective of ensuring that allocation of financial assistance is aligned with demonstrable financial need.
Proposals will be brought to Council for consideration in time for implementation for the 2023 academic year.
3. The Students’ Representative Council (SRC) will be invited to take part in a joint working group with university management, to ensure that students who will benefit from the additional fee block concessions for 2022 can complete their registrations as rapidly as possible, so that their academic progress is not compromised.

-Inside Education

Police probe arson case after fire breaks at Mpumalanga primary school

STAFF REPORTER |

A school in Mpumalanga was gutted by fire on Wednesday, according to the Mpumalanga Department of Education.

“The Mpumalanga Department of Education has learnt that one of the classrooms of Sekemisa Primary School in Verena at Thembisile Hani Local Municipality in Nkangala District caught fire,” the department said.

The fire extinguishers were called to put down the flames.

“Members of the community tried their best to extinguish the fire until the fire extinguishers arrived and helped to put down the flames.”

The police were at the scene and a case of arson will be investigated.

At the moment, the department said the circumstances that caused the fire is still unknown.

More updates will be provided as more information comes to light.

Last week, the community of Luka Village near Rustenburg in North West woke up to shocking news that their school called Ramotse Primary School has burnt down.
The Department’s spokesperson, Elias Malindi said the cause of the fire is still unknown, however, they suspect that it was a criminal activity.

The fire destroyed a computer lab, National School Nutrition Programme storage and a block of toilets for the girls and boys.

“The cause of the fire is still unknown but the school community suspects that it was criminal activities. The fire destroyed a computer lab with 40 computers, photocopiers, printers, Mathematics lab (1 projector, one screen, manipulative cupboard, interactive board and 18 tables), National School Nutrition Programme storage (food for learners) and Learner Teaching Supply Material (Stationery and textbooks) and a block of toilets for the girls and boys,” said Malindi.
The MEC for Education, Mmaphefo Matsemela condemned in ‘strongest terms the alleged burning of the school. “I take this moment to condemn in its strongest terms the alleged burning of Ramotse Primary school. Such incidents are clearly targeted at delaying the
provisioning of education to an African child, “she said.

Inside Education

Budget 2022: Finance minister Enoch Godongwana allocates R32.6 billion in funding to NSFAS

STAFF REPORTER |

FINANCE Minister Enoch Godongwana has announced an allocation of R32.6 billion for financial support to current bursary holders and first-year students under the National Student Financial Aid Scheme.

Godongwana tabled his maiden budget speech in Parliament on Wednesday afternoon.

“In 2017, the government announced a policy for fee-free higher education. We are announcing an additional allocation of R32.6 billion for financial support to current bursary holders and first-year students under the National Student Financial Aid Scheme,” he said.

Godongwana indicated that further shortfalls will be funded from within the baseline of the Department of Higher Education.

The minister has commended teachers for sacrifices during the pandemic in ensuring that children get educated.

“Madam Speaker, at the height of the COVID-19 our teachers had to make tremendous sacrifices to ensure that our children get education,” said Godongwana.

Last year, Minister of Higher Education, Science and Innovation, Dr Blade Nzimande said that the student debt is growing in the university system.

Nzimande said it is extremely worrying to note that inequitable patterns of student success still prevail. 
He said this was especially true for African and coloured male students.

Adding that this category of students continues to be the least successful in the university system.

“There are four categories of affected students that have been identified. They include NSFAS [National Student Financial Aid Scheme] students, students who are recipients of other scholarships and bursaries, self-paying students – including the so-called ‘missing middle’ students, and international students,” said Nzimande.

The minister added that his department and higher education stakeholders have acknowledged that there have sometimes been delays in the processing of historic debt of NSFAS qualifying students. 

He said the main challenges are linked to administrative challenges in resolving the debt.

“The Department is working with NSFAS and institutions to ensure a speedy resolution of the processing of historic debt claims,” he said.

Inside Education has previously reported that student historic debt to universities has escalated to approximately R14 billion.

Analysts say this has caused a sustainability crisis in our higher education institutions.

According to the Universities South Africa (USAf), this crisis has been ongoing for decades and that it is now time for a government-led policy process that produces a long-term, sustainable solution.
At the time, USAf’s Chief Executive Officer Professor Ahmed Bawa said student debt cannot possibly be resolved at the institutional level.
“USAf must signal now, as we did in December 2017, that the long-term sustainability of this bursary programme is of deep concern to us,” said Bawa.

-Inside Education

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SOPA| Gauteng has set aside R420 million for Coding and Robotics at all primary schools – Makhura

WENDY MOTHATA |

GAUTENG Premier David Makhura said on Monday his administration would be introducing dedicated funding for the introduction of Coding and Robotics at primary schools in a bid to meet the challenges of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, or 4IR.

Makhura was speaking during the State of the Province Address held at the Gauteng Provincial Legislature’s chambers in Johannesburg.

“We introducing dedicated funding for the introduction of Coding and Robotics to meet the challenges of the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR). We have identified 33 primary schools Grades R to 3 and 90 Grade 7 schools to participate in the pilot Coding and Robotics Programme,” said Makhura.

Since 2009, about R2.2 billion has been invested towards bursaries from which 30 000 students have benefited through the GCR financial assistance.

For the academic year 2021, Makhura said the GCR has set aside R420 million for Gauteng students who have done exceptionally well in matric results.

“We have harnessed ICT to provide smart schools and classrooms of the future.”

“This is across all schooling levels from Grade R to Grade 12. This includes supplying and delivering tablets and robotics coding kits to 62 primary schools. Grade 1-3 learners in 62 Primary schools have received mathematics manipulatives, including the abacus,” he said.

Makhura said since 1994, the democratic government has invested in the building of new houses, schools, clinics, hospitalisation, roads and streets, electricity and water connection.

 “Since 1994 Educational outcomes have been a key area of pride. In 2014 we will continue to invest in the modernisation and quality delivery of education especially improving educational outcomes in township schools,” he said.

The Premier said: “Our 2014 decision to invest in the modernisation of our education system has proven fruitful over the last eight years. This progress has been the result of incremental interventions, which included ICT, investment in infrastructure, and inputs in teacher training, adequate provision of classroom resources.”

Makhura added that his administration is working with TVET colleges to provide ICT training. Through the partnership with Tshimologong and Wits.

Early Childhood Development provides a critical stage in the cognitive development of a child with last implications for their future learning capabilities. Makhura said the work included investing in producing practitioners who would make an impact on the early stage of a child’s development.

“We are pleased to report that 2 467 ECD Practitioners have achieved a qualification at NQF Level 6. We were also able to increase the percentage of public schools offering grade R to 95,1% in 2021. This is an increase of 24 new Grade R sites, from the 1 386 sites that offered grade R in 2020,” he said.

 Between the years 2014 and 2019, the national senior certificate results have improved by an average of 85%. For the class of 2021 forty-four percent (50%) of bachelor passes in South Africa were in Gauteng.

“We have moved from 79% to 84% in terms of throughput rate largely because the focus was put on township schools to make learning conditions conducive.”

Makhura said: “We have ensured that the performance gap between learners from fee-paying and no-fee paying schools is narrowed. Despite being one of the areas severely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic since 2020, education has continued to record some great achievements.”

In the 2021 matric results, Gauteng was the second-best performing province with an 82.8% pass rate, which was a slight drop of 1% from 2020. A total of 130 schools in the province achieved a 100% pass rate, while 462 had a pass rate that was above 90%.

 “Four of the top 10 districts in the country were from Gauteng. Since the year 2020, we have seen unprecedented disruptions to the schooling system due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite this negative impact, our education system has shown resilience as evidenced by remarkable progress, especially the matric results,” the premier said.

  • Inside Education.

Parents at Hoërskool Jan Viljoen school calls for equal treatment of all learners, black and white

WENDY MOTHATA |

PARENTS at Hoërskool Jan Viljoen have called for equal treatment for all learners and equivalent diversity representatives at the school.

On Sunday, Gauteng Education MEC Panyaza Lesufi called for unity at the Hoërskool Jan Viljoen in the west of Johannesburg.

This comes after a violent incident that took place among black and white learners at the school last week.

Lesufi condemned a scuffle between the parents of Jan Viljoen that took place during a previously scheduled meeting, stating that parents must embrace a truly non-racial South Africa and set a good example for their children.

In his opening statement, Lesufi told parents of Hoërskool Jan Viljoen that the school is embarking on an important process of change and he encouraged the management team to decide to enable diversity in the school.

Lesufi informed the parents that an investigation will be conducted with the assistance of the South African Human Rights Commission, and further urged parents to protect their school.

The SAHRC has launched an investigation into alleged racially-motivated clashes between black and white learners at the school.

“The SAHRC will investigate everyone. There is an independent body who is going to investigate everyone and if they say act, I will act decisively, “said Lesufi.

 Addressing the parents and school leadership of Hoërskool Jan Viljoen in Randfontein, Lesufi said, “our purpose is to ensure that we deliver quality education and save our children from the trauma of racism.”

The educators of the school indicated to Lesufi that they need support in managing diversity, and the school management team has risen to the task by actively working on appointing an ethnically diverse group of educators.

One of the parents attending the meeting has disagreed that the fight between black and white learners at Jan Viljoen was not racially motivated.

“I’m speaking on the behalf of parents, what happened, happed we can’t undo it and one thing that I’m 100% sure in my mind is that the incident was not racial. It was kids. This is kids attending a school, kids that want to learn, kids that want to become something in life. Yes, there is a lot of errors and I don’t decline it. Parents, please don’t make this thing a racial or political thing because this is not what it is. This is our kids, this is our school and our teachers. We want our kids to be safe it doesn’t matter the colour. We should stand together, let’s leave what is behind,” said the parent.

A parent to a Grade 11 learner, Nozipho Mabena said that the name of the school must be changed. Mabena pleaded for the protection of the learners at the school against incidents of racism.

The MEC further highlighted the issue of sexual harassment at the school which was raised by the learners. He told the parents that the teacher accused of sexually violating learners has been suspended.

“We thought we were coming to the school to deal with allegations of racism but were met with serious allegations of sexual harassment,” said Lesufi.

Lesufi urged parents to teach children to accept and embrace each other.

 “Education starts at home. Let us teach our children from home to accept and embrace each other. If we don’t do that we will never achieve our dream of non-racial South Africa,” he said.

-Inside Education

DBE launches National Policy on the Prevention of learner pregnancy in schools

WENDY MOTHATA |

THE Department of Basic Education has launched “The National Policy on the Prevention and Management of learner pregnancy in schools” in Platinum Village near Rustenburg in the North West.

The department said that the policy is aimed at reducing the increasing number of learner pregnancies at schools.

The policy on the prevention and management of learner pregnancy in schools was published in 2021.

Last year, the department announced that schools would be required to report to the police where the pregnant learner is under the age of 16.

 “The South African Police Services                               

(SAPS) will be informed to investigate and arrest perpetrators in cases of statutory rape,” said the department.

Department of Basic Education spokesperson Elijah Mhlanga said that unintended pregnancy affects the lives of many young people, often limiting their personal growth.

“Early and unintended pregnancy affects the lives of many young people, often limiting their personal growth, their pursuit of rewarding careers and their ambitions, with an incalculable impact on South Africa’s socio-economic landscape,” said Mhlanga.

 Mhlanga said that care, counselling and support for pregnant learners is critical for retention in schools.

The Deputy Minister of Basic Education, Reginah Mhaule said that it is worrying that the country has recorded 132 000 deliveries amongst girls aged between 10 and 19 for the 2020/2021 financial year.

Mhaule said that the policy will help educate learners about prevention methods.

“Through this policy, we reiterate that to prevent the early and unintended pregnancies, the department will continue to strengthen the provision of comprehensive education, through the curriculum,” said Mhaule.

Director-General of the Department of Basic Education, Hubert Mathanzima Mweli said the school communities need to work together to ensure the implementation of the policy.

“The policy was launched and we hope that it will help in reducing the incidence of learner pregnancy affecting children of school going age. Our school communities need to work together to ensure the implementation of the policy,” said Mweli.

According to the DBE, the policy includes some of the following laws:

  • – The policy will provide sexual, reproductive health services to enable learners to make informed choices.
  • – To ensure the return and retention of learners following childbirth into the appropriate grade into the school.
  • – To facilitate access for pregnant learners to ante-natal care through collaboration with the social sector partners and NGOs.
  • – To ensure that schools provide a stigma-free non-discriminatory and non-judgmental environment for pregnant learners and those with babies to support their physical and psychological health and dignity.
  • – Schools will provide a positive and supportive environment where all pregnant learners can access professional advice, information, referrals, treatment, care, counseling and support.
  • – Schools will become health and rights-promoting institutions and act as inclusive centres of learning, care and support, through the integrated School Health Programme.
  • – No educator, school staff member or fellow learner may discriminate against, humiliate or abuse a learner physically, emotionally or psychologically, based on their pregnancy or post-pregnancy status.

Inside Education

Classroom Corner| Free online tool encourages STEM exploration, discovery and learning

THE National Science and Technology Forum (NSTF) has developed an online, interactive, virtual landscape aimed at stimulating learners’ curiosity in the STEM (science, technology, engineering and mathematics) fields. 

The STEMulator portal provides a highly interactive knowledge and exploration environment, crammed with animated and visual educational content, which entices audience through curiosity and fun.

The STEM

ulator landscape includes the built world, such as buildings, structures and machines; living organisms, including humans, animals and plants and complex systems like the natural cycle of water or the workings of a wind turbine.

Each layer of the STEMulator allows the user to delve deeper into the object or intricate system being explored, deconstructing it visually and providing learners with a detailed view of the hidden parts of the subject being explored.

The explorer enters the STEMulator world through a master landscape, which displays a variety of clickable areas, representing fields of interest.

The user clicks on one of the areas to see it deconstruct to reveal an overview of the elements.

For example, clicking on the STEMulator car allows it to expand into its various parts, and clicking specifically on the engine of the car gives the user a view of its inner workings.

NSTF has introduced the platform to potential contributors and users all over South Africa and the STEMulator team welcomes any contributors in the STEM environment, to help expand the content available on the platform.

Contributors can add to a number of  STEM-related topics, such as:

  • The natural world
    • Plants, insects, agriculture
    • Human beings, doctors
    • Weather, sun, water, scientists
    • The earth, land, geologists
  • The built world
    • Transport, cars, planes, trains,
    • The home, household appliances
    • Communication, cellphones, TVs, satellites

The STEMulator includes curriculum-related content, with the objective of encouraging maths and science education and learning, while also creating awareness of fields of study and career options.

The playful exploration design of the platform aims to make it engaging and fun for learners. The organisation affirms that its initial tests have revealed huge demand for interactive learning products.

The STEMulator is a free tool requiring only access to data or WiFi and it can be operated across various platforms and devices, enabling mass distribution to all areas.

An offline version is also available for schools or institutions that do not have access to the internet. The STEMulator portal can be accessed at www.stemulator.org 

  • Engineering News

ZIMBABWE| School Closures Threaten Early Childhood Education

EVEN from 50 feet away, students can hear Thandi Dube’s voice. “Sit down!” she shouts. “Take out your coloring books.”

It’s the beginning of the school day, and Dube is trying to control her classroom of about 30 rowdy preschoolers at Tshaka Centre, in Bulawayo’s suburb of Makokoba. “We teach children communication skills and emotional development skills, which help them transition into the next grade,” she says.

In Zimbabwe, early childhood development preschools like Tshaka Centre have grown since 2012, when the government rolled out a nationwide effort. But repeated classroom shutdowns during the coronavirus pandemic threaten to derail the program, which was intended to prepare children from the country’s low-income households for school.

The idea of sending children to school before they are 6 years old is fairly new in Zimbabwe. For decades after 1980, the year of Zimbabwe’s independence, most children were introduced to the group-learning environment when they began first grade. Children from poor families spent the first three years of primary school learning skills their peers from well-to-do households knew already because they had access to nursery schools.

By the turn of the century, it had become clear that Zimbabwe’s schools were failing millions of children. Government experts examining the education system concluded that it wasn’t designed for all students to benefit. The system was a carryover from the colonial era, when white rulers believed that Africans needed only enough education to serve as low-level civil servants. While white children went to nursery schools to learn social skills and even reading and writing in preparation for primary school, most black children spent their early years at home playing.

Children learn at an early childhood development classroom at Tshaka Centre in Bulawayo. In 2020, millions of Zimbabwe’s preschoolers missed months of learning due to pandemic-related school closures.

In 2004, the government introduced early childhood development centers, known in Zimbabwe as ECDs, which require two years of pre-primary education. Children at these centers spend 5.5 hours every day developing language skills, playing with peers and learning social skills like respect, sharing and self-control.

“The expectation is that once a child gets to grade three, they have covered the basics and they can read and write,” says Obert Masaraure, the national president of the Amalgamated Rural Teachers Union of Zimbabwe.

Now Masaraure and other advocates worry that sporadic school closures to avert the spread of the coronavirus could irreversibly harm the program — which is still in its infancy because a lack of funds to hire and train teachers delayed its launch until 2012.

When schools closed in March 2020, Zimbabwe switched to online learning. That worked relatively well for grade-level children because they were old enough to sit down and follow the instructions of parents and guardians. But parents found it impossible to guide preschoolers through lessons.

Dube, the preschool teacher, says that even trained early childhood educators like her have difficulty getting preschoolers to sit still and follow instructions. She can’t imagine a parent at home being successful.

“What they are learning here is practically impossible to teach outside the classroom setting,” she says. “It needs a lot of experience and patience.”

Saneliso Ndlovu, a tailor in Makokoba, says she had neither the experience, nor the patience when she unwillingly became her children’s home teacher during the 2020 lockdown.

“There was nothing I could do to teach my 4-year-old son,” she says. “I taught him to count from zero to 10, but that’s all.”

So, Ndlovu gave up on him and focused on her daughter, who was in seventh grade, because it was easier. Her son spent most of the year playing. Now she wonders if he’ll ever catch up, because when classes resumed in 2021 — after eight months without learning — her son and other children continued to the next stage.

Masaraure, the teachers’ union president, says primary school teachers will bear the burden of helping children who have fallen behind because of missed classes.

“The Zimbabwean curriculum is a spiral, so missing the basics leads to lack of comprehension going forward, which reduces literacy rates,” he says.

Early childhood education is important because it lays the foundation for children to succeed in school and beyond, according to the United Nations Children’s Fund, or UNICEF. But a 2019 report by the agency found that half of the children eligible for preschool worldwide — about 175 million — weren’t enrolled. In low-income countries, as many as 78% of children don’t have access to preschool education.

Kasirayi Hweta, vice chairperson of the Bulawayo chapter of the Zimbabwe Network of Early Childhood Development Actors, a coalition of organizations advocating for access to early childhood education, says inadequate funding makes the early childhood program more vulnerable.

“The Zimbabwean curriculum is a spiral, so missing the basics leads to lack of comprehension going forward, which reduces literacy rates.”

“In Zimbabwe, more emphasis and funding is placed on higher and tertiary education than in early childhood development,” says Hweta. “That needs to change.”

Although the early childhood program has been in operation for years, the government doesn’t seem to explicitly consider it when creating annual budgets. In 2019, for example, the government allocated $28.6 million to “support further improvement in junior education.” There was no mention of early childhood development in the 2020 budget.

“We need a specific budget that clearly outlines how much is allocated to ECD,” Hweta says. “We do not want to be bundled with other stages.”

But Taungana Ndoro, the director of communications and advocacy in the Ministry of Primary and Secondary Education, says the government focused specifically on younger children when drafting the 2021 budget, which earmarked 194.2 million Zimbabwean dollars (ZWL) ($1.7 million) for early childhood development. “This shows that we are making strides towards prioritizing ECD learning,” he says.

The 2022 budget released by the Ministry of Finance made no specific mention of early childhood development funding. The ministry didn’t respond to repeated questions about the inconsistency.

Ndoro says his ministry is working to help children recover what they have lost due to lockdowns. But the omicron variant, which forced the government to postpone reopening schools after the holiday season, has complicated that effort.